Methadone and Detox
Methadone was developed in 1937 in Germany, and over the years it has proven to be quite useful in the treatment of opioid dependence. Methadone is a synthetic opioid that acts on the opioid receptors of the brain, which results in the production of similar affects that morphine or heroin typically produce.
Oral doses of methadone have successfully helped patients to either reduce or completely stop using morphine, heroin, or similar drugs. It is important to point out, however, that methadone is only approved for treating patients with an opioid dependency. It is not recommended for treatment of individuals who are addicted to non-narcotic drugs such as cocaine, alcohol, or methamphetamine.
Methadone is traditionally administered in clinics that specialize in opioid treatments and it is dispensed in traditional pill form, sublingual (under the tongue) tablets, and two formulas that are designed for patients to drink. The liquid forms of methadone are actually the most commonly used because they allow for smaller dosage changes. It is most effective, however, when it is administered in pill form. Methadone should never be injected, as there are many dangerous risks associated with this method of delivery.
The pill form of methadone carries the least amount of risk for patients to experience adverse side effects. A general tolerance to methadone typically develops in people after they have taken the drug for a few weeks. Some of the side effects that may be experienced even by people who have developed a tolerance for the drug include the following:
• Seizures
• Blurred vision
• Weight gain
• Headache
• Constipation
• Chronic fatigue
• Vomiting
• Anorexia
• Dry mouth
• Flushing
• Stomach pain
Methadone withdrawal symptoms can easily last for several weeks or longer. These symptoms are slightly less severe than withdrawal symptoms of morphine or heroin. Withdrawal symptoms usually include both physical and emotional or mental symptoms, and may include the following:
• Lightheadedness
• Runny nose
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Chills
• Tremors
• Rapid heart rate
• Suicidal thoughts
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Panic disorder
Many substance abuse and health care professionals are beginning to utilize a system of treatment where patients are switched from methadone to other opiates that have easier withdrawal symptoms to deal with. In fact, methadone is not considered to be the ideal detox method for opiate addictions when the addicted individuals want to be completely free of opiates.
Sources Used
1. Methadone. http://whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/
methadone/index.html. Accessed 16 June 2009.
2. Methadone. http://www.drugs.com/methadone.html. Accessed 16 June 2009.